Politics around the world.comparative assignment

Politics around the world.comparative - Assignment Example There has been a lot of debate in the United States recently on the issue of offering public health care. How does U.S. spending on health care actually compare to other countries? The following will explore data available from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which maintains a statistical database on all of its member states: http://www.oecd.org Under the topics menu, select â€Å"Health.† Then follow the link for â€Å"OECD Health Data 2014: Key indicators.† Click on the link that reads: â€Å"DOWNLOAD this selection of key indicators from OECD Health Statistics 2014 in Excel† Use this excel file to answer the following questions. In all cases, please report the data for 2012. every citizen to have health insurance. The rich are in Germany are allowed to pay for their own insurance from the insurer of their choice while the poor get social assistance from the government. The Japanese get their insurance from their employers or from a nonprofit insurance organization. In Switzerland the healthcare system is also similar to that of Japan and Germany whereby citizens get social insurance and the poor are assisted by the government which does not happen in the U.S as the poor are left to struggle on their own to find medical assistance. The Taiwan citizens also enjoy a national health insurance system like the most of other developed countries which means that the poor can afford to get decent health care unlike in the U.S where that is impossible (Frontline,

ITA evaluation report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ITA evaluation report - Essay Example The views in MVC can be nested. For instance, a control panel of buttons can be implemented as a complex view containing nested button views. The user interface for an object inspector can have nested views that may be reused in a debugger. MVC offers support to nested views that have the Composite View class, a subclass of View. Objects in the Composite View perform as View objects; a composite view can be applied where a view can be used, but it also has the ability to contain and manage nested views. The user can take this as a design that lets them treat a composite view just like we treat one of its components. But the design is used to a more general problem, which occurs whenever we want to group objects and treat the group like an individual object (Bucanek 2009, p.256). This more general design is described by the Composite design pattern. It lets the user create a class hierarchy in which some subclasses define simple objects like Button and other classes define composite o bjects Composite View that groups the simple objects into more complex objects. MVC also allows the user to change the way a view reacts to user input without changing its visual presentation. The user might want to change the way it responds to the keyboard, or set it to use command keys in place of the normal pop-up menu or vice versa. MVC encapsulates the response mechanism in an object known as the Controller object. There is a chain of commands of controllers, so a user can create a new controller as a variation on an existing one. An occurrence of a Controller subclass is used by a View to implement a particular response strategy; to implement another dissimilar strategy; the user has to replace the occurrence with a diverse type of controller. It is also possible to change a controller of a view at run-time to let the view change the

Terms and Definitions in International Business

Terms and Definitions in International Business Question 1 Section A: Standard deviation is the positive square root of the variance. E.g. if 217.4 is gotten as the variance from a given distribution, it then implies that the standard deviation will be 14.7 by applying the square root on the variance score of 217.4. Mean-is the arithmetic average of a set of scores in a distribution. The average of the scores; 8, 9,10,11,12 is 10 which means summation of all the scores (x) divided by the total number of elements (n), which gives 10. Hypothesis this is an assumption of statement which may not be true concerning one or more population. E.g. a hypothesis to test the ability of trained employee is better or higher than that of an untrained employee in a company. Continuous variable are those variable that assume a continuum of values within the range of its observed lowest and highest values. This means that the values in the range are infinitely close to one another, and uncountable. E.g. heights of human beings temperature of a room, volume of water in tank, weights of people, etc. while categorical variable is a random variable that takes only a discontinuous set of values. It takes only specific values within a set of range of values that are countable. E.g. number of persons in a household, no of days on sick leave, scores recorded to the nearest hall mark. Bivariate research design A bivariate research is defined as the type of study which tries to look at the causal relationship between two variables under investigation Variable label and variable value variable label can be explained in words what variable represent while variable value is a set of values that relates to variable. Statistic descriptive- is agenda variable to run a frequency expressed numerically. Mode is defined as the score or element that repeats or occurs most frequently in a given distribution. Theory can be define as a system of ideas in explaining something. Paradigm- is defined as a theory, statement or fact that tends to be generally acceptable by all when explaining a particular phenomenon. Face validity seeking to know the measurement strategy, like how a measure and procedure appears. Reliability and validity reliability is a degree of assessment to produce a stable tool while validity is to test measure and what it claims to measure. Random assignment proceeding based on evaluation, for instance properties knowing how the levy tax is been paid. Covariation versus causality in a relation of x and y are related in a population, e.g. When there is no relationship meaning that is non-hypothesis while causality has to do with co-variation to random which by chance. Experimental design this is some-well defined act or process that leads to single well-defined outcome .e.g. tossing a coin to see whether heads or tails comes up, opening a book at random and noting the first word on the right hand page, etc. Measurement- finding a number that shows the size and amount of something. Spurious relationships is a calculation related to two events or variable that has no frequent interval of connections. Probabilistic statement this is a statistical statement made for the chance or likelihood of event occurance over the others. E.g. someone may say that girls can perform home chores than the boys. Descriptive statistic this is the aspect of statistic that studies a body of statistical data and no generalisation is made from the result obtained. E.g. collection of data classification of data, drawing of histogram. Polygons statistical graphs and charts. Deterministic statement: A deterministic statement is defined as that aspect of research which tries to look at the causal relationship between variables in which the occurrence or the degree of relationship between the variables occur with high sense of certainty. Question 2 Section B: (A) This is the guide line: In a typical research settings or statistical activities, Independent variable in a layman language could mean that which can change to give result to a particular thing and that is what is called Dependent Variable. There is a probability or likelihood that a relationship will exist between 2 variables; Example: A) Persons Education: X) voters turn out Here is a relationship between Independent Variable A) which is Persons Education and X) Dependent Variable which is Voters Turnout. This is because a persons education can influence people coming out to vote base on their perception about election because educated people know the power of vote. So the probability is that the election outcome would be more positive. If we look into this issue from another perspective it is possible that educated people might not take part in politics because they do not like politics and political activities. (B)Nations economic health (x) and a political revolution. There is an intimate relationship between economy and revolution. In this section economy is an independent variable while revolution is a dependent variable. The probability is that if the economy is weak X, it would affect the Y and the people would go for revolution in order to change the existing set up because of their dissatisfaction. On the other hand if we look into the issue from a deterministic lens it would come into our minds that if the economy is strong the people would have no reason for revolution because they would be satisfied. (C)Candidates height (X) and election outcome (Y). The probability in this case is that X would affect Y because people like tall people than short one. But if we look from another position it would not appear the same because if someone is short it would not mean that he would not get any vote because it is not only height which does matter. Second Part: (2): This question first of all tries to look at whether or not it is possible to conduct an experimental research by a researcher under the prevailing variables. A) An individual level of religiosity (x) his or her preference for different political candidates. In this situation, conducting an experimental research is quite unlikely especially as it involves this two variables, an individual’s level of religiosity and his/her preference for different political candidates based on the following reasons: Conducting an experiment involves the ability of the researcher to be able to manipulate and control his variables, in which it is very difficult to conduct experiment because one cannot effectively manage, control and manipulate an individual’s level of religiosity. Another reason why conducting an experimental research tends to be problematic is based on the idea that individual’s views and opinions are dynamic and not static, therefore one cannot count on that as a pretext to vote. One illuminating factor that affects experimental research is the presence of a spurious variable which individual’s adopt in the process of conducting elections for example similar ideology, individual’s personal interest could also count and not necessarily religion. (b). Military Service X and Attitudes towards foreign policy. In this situation, conducting an experimental research is quite likely. In doing this, the researcher will randomly defined and assign values on his variables as thus: Treatment group: This group involves the use of manipulation and control by the researcher in which he expose them to military service which would invariably affect their attiudes towards foreign policy Control group: This group will not be controlled and manipulated by the researcher. After assigning these values between the control and treatment group, it is quite likely that the researcher has conducted experiments on his variables and the group that has been exposed will react differently towards foreign policy than the group that has not been exposed. (c) Exposure to negative news X and Political Apathy Y Under this, having an experimental researcher is also possible when the researcher divides his population into both: Treatment Group: It comprises the group that the researcher will control by exposing them to negative political news. Control Group: It comprises the group that the researcher will not be under the purview or control of the researcher. After randomly assigning this values to this two groups, it will become evident that the group exposed to negative news will likely develop political apathy than the group that has not been exposed. D) A speakers personal characteristics (x) persuasiveness. In this situation, it is difficult for experiment to work largely due to the fact that: Human beings and their views are not static but are subject to change at any given point in time. The challenge of control and manipulation of the variable to the researcher is also problematic. Other confounding variable may lead to persuasion rather than a speaker’s personal characteristics. Question 3 Section C: Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Terms: In this first step, the researcher will define his variable conceptually and operationally. Conceptual definition means the literal or library definition whereas operational definition refers to the applicability of the term (s) in my research. Peace and justice are two interrelated ideas. It is clear to most of us that in order to achieve peace we are supposed to ensure justice and vice versa. A peace without justice would not be a sustainable one. Conceptually speaking peace means a condition where you are secured by every mean or in other words you are no longer disturbed. If we look into this operationally then it means peace is the state of society where you will not find violence in the streets and there will be no threat to your life. According to Oxford dictionary justice means’’ the state of being fair’’. If we look into this word operationally it carries different meaning to different people but the best definition is that if the social contract is monitored fairly by the authority then we can say that justice is there. In my work peace would be an independent variable X while justice would be a dependent variable Y. 2. Developing a Methodological discourse or Agenda: The second step is for the researcher to develop a methodology that will explain how the study will go about its research, whether qualitative or quantitative method. In order to prove the relationship between two variable I would collect empirical data from various sources. My work will give an understanding to the readers that whether Peace causes justice or not. 3. Generating a Hypothesis: By hypothesis it involves the use of hypothetical statements that will reject or approve the earlier established theory about the subject under investigation. The next aspect is for the researcher to develop a hypothesis that will test his variables, in order to approve or disprove the theories and it is divided as thus: H1- peace brings justice H2- peace does not bring justice Reviewing relevant related literature about the state of the art: Reviewing the works of other scholars about the subject the researcher is investigating is the next phase of the study. The next phase is to develop a literature review about the sublects under investigating such as: Literature Review on Peace- According to Tim Sisk who defines peace as a step-by- step reciprocal moves to build confidence, resolve gnarly issues such as disarmament, and carefully define the future through the design of new institution. According to New Testament, peace could mean the absence of conflict, as mentioned, but also either the health of body and mind or concord. Regarding the latter, peace seems an act of will of those in a conflictful situation. According to David Cortright- sees peace as a social equality. Socialists and feminists brought these issues to the fore and broadened the peace agenda to include problems of economic injustice and patriarchy. Literature Review on Justice- According to Chris a scientist, he said that justice is the act upholding the law. However, the controversy that remains and the debate that ensures has to do with what the law itself should be. According to Thrasymanchus, that justice is subjective form civilisation to another. Since the rulers can influence policy, law, and education, they can control the public perception of justice. 5. Data Analysis and Interpretations of Findings: This phase of research will try to clearly explain the findings of the research whether or not the research has been able to achieve its objective or not by testing the initial stated hypothesis. 6. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations: This is the final phase in the research agenda, where the researcher will clearly summarize what the study is all about, draw the necessary conclusions and offer meaningful contributions or recommendations to the study. Four Hurdle Facing Researcher: The degree of causality of variable i.e Independent and Dependent variables (X Y). Every researcher is faced with the dilemma of understanding the degree of causality between his independent variable X and his dependent variable Y. Could the Dependent variable Y also cause an effect on the Independent Variable Y The second hurdle is for the researcher to be able to ascertain whether or not the dependent variable could invariably leads to a causal relationship with the independent variable Y. The degree of Covariation The third hurdle, is for the researcher to be able to determine the degree of correlation or covariation between his variables. The presence of extraneous or Z- variable. The last hurdle or dilemma faced by any researcher is the plausibility that other confounding or spurious variables tend to also serve as the possible causes in determining the degree of causality between X and Y variables which it is the responsibility of the researcher to keep that perspective in check. 1

lab :: essays research papers

Intro   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Lab #5 five we will be exploring the cycle of copper through many chemical reactions. What we are going to do is take a piece of copper metal put it through a series of reactions that change it ¡Ã‚ ¦s state of matter and chemical formula, but in the end, we will return it to it ¡Ã‚ ¦s normal solid state. The idea of this lab is to try to recover as close to 100% of the copper we started with. Theoretically, this is possible, but for inexperienced college students, retrieving 100% of the copper metal is near impossible. There are five reactions that the copper will go through. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) + O2 „ ³ 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 4H2O(aq) + 2NO2(aq) 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) „ ³ Cu(OH)2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq) 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cu(OH)2(s) „ ³ CuO(s) + H2O(aq) 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) „ ³ CuSO4(aq) +H2O(aq) 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CuSO4(aq) + Zn(s) „ ³ ZnSO4 + Cu(s) At the end of reaction number five we should have close to 100% of the copper we started out with. Meth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obtain as close to .5g of copper wire, and record the mass to the closest mg. Make sure the wire is bent so it will lay as flat as possible in the bottom of a 250mL beaker. Then go to  ¡Ã‚ §the hood ¡Ã‚ ¨ and add 4mL of 16M HNO3. Swirl the HNO3 around in the beaker with the copper until it has completely dissolved and you are left with a green/blue liquid. Then add 30mL of 3M NaOH and heat the solution on a ring stand with a Bunsen burner. The blue/green jelly will turn in to sort of a black dirt at the bottom of the beaker, make sure to stop boiling when the jelly turns black. Decant all excess liquid in the beaker. Do not remove any black precipitate. Add approximately 200mL of hot deionized water to the black precipitate. Decant all excess liquid again. Add 15mL of 6M H2SO4 and then under  ¡Ã‚ §the hood ¡Ã‚ ¨ add 2g of Zinc metal to the solution. Once the Hydrogen has stopped bubbling add 10mL of HCl. Decant all excess liquid and transfer Copper metal t o a glass dish and wash with deionized water. Rewash Copper metal with 5mL of Methanol. Decant and dry Copper metal on a hot plate, weigh and record results to nearest mg. Resu Original Mass of Cu=.486g Mass of Cycled Cu=.480g 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first reaction the was brown smoke and the copper turned into a light blue/green liquid. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the second reaction the solution turned into a clear blue liquid.

The Minimum Wage Debate

Minimum wage is defined as the lowest amount that employers can legally pay their workers per hour of labor. Most states have laws in place to enforce the minimum wage; those that do not are subject to the federal minimum wage of $7. 25. There are both benefits and drawbacks of this type of policy. Many supporters of a minimum wage believe it increases the standard of living and reduced poverty. Those that oppose a minimum wage believe it will increase unemployment and harms unskilled laborers. Introduction The Fair Labor Standards Act, passed in 1938, mandated a federal minimum wage that now applies to most work and most workers, in the United States. Originally the wage was set at 25 cents, the minimum wage has risen occasionally since 1938 to its current hourly level of $7. 25, where it has remained since 2009. When the minimum wage was roughly half the average wage, in the late 1960’s, full-time, year round minimum wage earnings for one worker lifted a family of three from poverty. Today, a minimum wage worker lives on $3,000 less than the poverty line – and the minimum wage is worth only 37 percent of the average wage (Owens, 2013). Minimum wage laws were established with certain goals in mind. Minimum wage was initially established to reduce poverty. Establishing a minimum wage in the United States removed sweat shops and insured individuals were paid properly for their work. Minimum wage additionally protects younger workers and minorities from being paid less than others. Support for an Increase in the Minimum Wage The positive effects of minimum wage are plentiful; it is believed that the minimum wage increases the standard of living for the poorest and most vulnerable classes in society and raises the average. It also stimulates consumption, by putting more money in the hands of low-income people who spend their entire paychecks. Minimum wage increases the work ethic of those who earn very little, as employers demand more return from the higher cost of hiring these employees. It decreases the cost of government social welfare programs, increasing incomes for the lowest-paid and encourages people to join the workforce rather than pursuing money through illegal means. The minimum wage also encourages efficiency and automation of industry and removes low paying jobs, forcing workers to train for, and move to, higher paying jobs (Fox, 2006). Many believe that minimum wage increases cause adverse employment effects. Three possible reasons minimum wages do not affect employment were suggested by Alan Blinder: higher wages may reduce turnover, and hence training costs; raising the minimum wage may â€Å"render moot† the potential problem of recruiting workers at a higher wage than current workers; and minimum wage workers might represent such a small proportion of a business's cost that the increase is too small to matter. He admits that he does not know if these are correct, but argues that â€Å"the list demonstrates that one can accept the new empirical findings and still be a card-carrying economist. † (Blinder, 1996). In discussing the minimum wage, Robert M. Solow, a Nobel laureate in economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told the New York Times, â€Å"The main thing about (minimum wage) research is that the evidence of job loss is weak. And the fact that the evidence is weak suggests that the impact on jobs is small. † (Norlund, 1997) The American public supports increasing the minimum wage by a solid margin. Nearly every survey finds overwhelming support for raising the minimum wage. For example, a poll recently conducted by the website Politico, conducted in March of 2013 found that 71% of Americans backed an increase in the minimum wage. Opposition of an Increase in the Minimum Wage Opponents of the minimum wage claim it hurts small business more than large business. By increasing wages, business owners must use their profits to increase wages or increase their prices. Cheaper labor helps small businesses employ younger and more inexperienced workers to perform less skill intensive work. It’s also argued that it may cause price inflation due to businesses increasing the price of goods sold. Small businesses with limited payroll budges cannot offer their most valuable employees fair and attractive wages above unskilled workers paid the artificially high minimum, and see a rising hurdle-cost of adding workers (Jr. , 2005). Some opponents claim that the goals minimum wage was created to accomplish have not been met. In some instances employment has decreased more than the increase in wages and thereby overall earnings are still reduced. Businesses are forced to hire fewer employees because paid wages have increased to meet the minimum. Some studies have shown that few low-wage workers actually come from families in poverty. Thus, minimum wage is more often imposed on the teenage worker with their first job than on people who would otherwise be unemployed. Additional arguments against the minimum wage include how it is ineffective compared to other methods such as basic income (or negative income tax), which is a system of social security that periodically provides each citizen with a sum of money that is sufficient to live on. This does not include a means test, the richest and the poorest would receive it as something similar to a dividend from the government. A guaranteed minimum income is another proposed system of social welfare. It’s similar to basic income, but it is normally conditional and subject to a means test. A refundable tax credit, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit is another alternative for minimum wage, which some claim was an effective stimulus for the economy. Opinion I feel very torn between the pros and cons of the minimum wage debate. I feel that a living wage for employees is necessary to ensure that poverty levels are avoided. In addition to avoiding poverty, fair wages for all is essential to reducing wage discrimination. However, I find that the increased wage paid to employees by small businesses can be crippling to their profits, particularly in our current economy and with how frequently small businesses fail. Conclusion Both sides present valid arguments, so what is the solution? One solution would be to raise the minimum wage to an acceptable higher level for â€Å"adult† workers, while retaining exceptions to allow the businesses to hire teenagers, students and temporary or seasonal workers at a lower minimum wage. This would protect those most impacted by a low minimum wage, families attempting to survive on a single minimum wage salary, while protecting the jobs of traditional â€Å"minimum wage† workers by allowing businesses to hire them at the previous rates. Though this solution has its flaws, however, employers might use a wage disparity as an incentive to hire more young workers at lower rates, leaving older workers jobless. This solution and others are highly debated by politicians and citizens and truly, no solution has been found. In time, the federal minimum wage will rise, as is dictated by laws both purposed and in effect currently. Perhaps a better solution for small businesses impacted would be a tax subsidy to balance the loss in profits from an increased minimum wage. It would increase hiring rates, and would keep small businesses at their previous profit levels. Employment would increase in a sector, small business, which our economy greatly relies on and provide those companies with incentive to increase their labor force.

Assessment Base Reading Instruciton Case Study Essay

Table of Contents Introduction Description of the Student Background Information PART 1: Administration of Assessments DIBELS: A Universal Assessment Battery Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Running Records Description and Purpose of the Assessment The running record allows you to record the child’s reading behavior as he or she reads from the book. The purpose of a running record is a tool used to determine word recognition reading fluency reading strategies, self- corrections, and comprehension. It is an individually conducted formative assessment which is ongoing and curriculum based. It provides a graphic  representation of a student’s oral reading, identifying patterns of effective and ineffective strategy use. This method was developed by Marie Clay, the originator of Reading Recovery. Running records helps document reading progress over time. Help teachers decide what students need to learn and matches students to appropriate books. We want to capture all the behaviors to help interpret what the child was probably doing. Everything the child says and does tells us something: when the reading is correct, what his hands and eyes were doing, the comments he made and when he repeated a line of text. Setting f or the Assessment Library setting, after school. This was the only time available. Description of the Assessment Administration Process Select a book that is the child’s reading level. Explain to the child that he or she will read out loud as you observe and record his or her reading behavior. Sit next to the child so that you can see the text and the child’s finger and eye movements as he or she reads the text. Use running record form. As the child reads, mark each word on the running record form by using the symbols on the chart that follows. Place a check mark above each word that is read correctly. If the child reads incorrectly, record above the word what the child reads. If the child is reading too fast for you to record the running record, ask him or her to pause until you catch up. Intervene as little as possible while the child is reading. If the child is stuck and unable to continue, wait 5 to10 seconds and tell him or her the word. If the child seems confused, indicate the point of confusion and say, â€Å"Try again.† Results of the Assessment Student read 156 words at 98% accuracy. She had 3 errors and 2 self corrects. She missed boredom, I told her the word. She changed plan for idea, setting, characters, and beginning. She had trouble with middle and end. She did know the main idea but could not list supporting details. I would move this student to a higher level text. This text was easy for the student. Analysis of the Assessment Results Student read 156 words at 98% accuracy. She had 3 errors and 2 self corrects. She missed boredom, I told her the word. She changed plan for idea, setting, characters, and beginning. She had trouble with middle and end. She did know the main idea but could not list supporting details. This student needs practice in retelling story in sequence. She had issues with middle and end. I think she was going for a fluency score and read too fast. She had problems orally retelling middle and end. This level is an appropriate level for this student. I will use the results to plan for this student. Teaching purposes for running records. To find a book level appropriate for a child. Check a child after a series of lessons. Evaluate whether a lift in text level is appropriate. Observe particular difficulties in particular children in order to modify instructional emphasis. Evaluate in order to place a child in an appropriate instructional group, class or school. Add to a record which is monitoring an individual’s progress over time. Reading Inventory Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Additional Diagnostic Assessment: Learner Choice Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Overall Analysis of Assessment Results PART 2: Recommendations for Interventions and Instruction Identifying Student Needs Recommendations for Interventions and Instruction Recommendations for Further Assessment References Appendices Appendix A: DIBELS Scoring Documents Appendix B: Running Records Scoring Documents Appendix C: Reading Inventory Documents Appendix D: Additional Assessment Documents

The representatin of the Gauch essays

The representatin of the Gauch essays During the 1820s there was no national government in Argentina, at least not one which survived for long. In the year 1820, the year of anarchy, the province of Buenos Aires itself had at least twenty-four governors. In the rest of the country government was in the hands of the local gaucho leaders - caudillos. The gauchos are a mixture of Spanish and Indian blood who roam the pampa, their every want is provided by the catlle and the horses of the pampa. The national character of the Argentine people was already distinctive and had pronounced that it had aquired its special quality from the gauchos themselves e.g. persoanl independance and personal rule. In the 1920s a number of regionalist novels written in Latin America attracted international attention. Don Segundo Sombra, written by Ricardo Guiraldes and published in 1926, was amongst the first Latin American novels to be translated into the European languages and to be read by a public which had no first-hand knowldge of the areas which the author describes. The commited write tended to think of the modernist or post-modernist as decadent, too interested in aesthetic problems and not interested enough in I the problems of his society. With the 1920s and the acctive engagement of many writers in the political struggle these differences were accentuated. Roughness, documentary truth and realism were assumed to be marks of a greater sincerity, a higher regard for the sufferings of the poor. Ricardo Guraldes was exceptional in his peroccupation both with style and with the expression of national values in literature. Guiraldes referred to the importance of the gaucho on various occasions, in essays and studies, always speaking of his noble qualities, his freedom and his self-sufficiency.The first refernces to the gauchos that Guiraldes made in his work were in El cencerro de cristal. Here, the gaucho is a symbol of the pampas and and ...

Genetically Modified Food Essay

Genetically Modified Food Essay What does a tomato, soybean, and McDonald’s French fry have in common? They are all some of the most commonly genetically modified foods sold on the market today. By using the genetic information from one organism, and inserting or modifying it into another organism, scientists can make food crops stay fresher, grow bigger, and have the crops create their own pesticides. Nevertheless, the technology to modify genes has surpassed its practicality. Genetically modified foods need to be removed from everyday agriculture because of the threat they pose to human health, the environment, and the impact on global economy. Genetically modified (GM) foods could produce new toxic substances, and/or allergens. A gene from the Brazil nut was inserted into the DNA of a soybean plant to increase the nutritional value of the soybean. However, this particular gene in the GM soybean also produced an allergen (a substance that causes allergic reactions in people). Fortunately, the plant was not put into production (McHughen 119). Another example is of a GM tomato called â€Å"FLAVR SAVR†. The tomato is larger, tastier, and stays fresher longer than commercial tomatoes on the market. Combining conventional tomato genes with the genes of an arctic trout produces the â€Å"FLAVR SAVR†. Nevertheless, questions such as â€Å"Will people with sea food allergies be able to consume the tomato?† and â€Å"Will the trout genes in the tomato enable new bacteria growth, and thereby make the tomato hazardous to eat?† have still not been answered. This causes the â€Å"FLAVR SAVR† to be a po tential hazard to human health (McHughen 14, 112). Since technology is new with regards to genetics, there is no real way of knowing whether genetically modified foods would take a negative impact on the body. An incident that occurred in 1989 concerning the nutritional supplement L- Tryptophan is one way of testing the long-term effects of a GM food (Background on L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, U.S. Food and Drug Administration). The manufacturer had apparently altered its manufacturing process to speed up production, and had not realized the toxic side effects. However, it caused a potentially fatal illness called Eosinophilia Myolgia Syndrome in which 37 people died and 1500 more were permanently disabled (Background on L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Therefore, it was taken off the market shortly after the reports of widespread illness among consumer s of the supplement. Another two examples of diseases that have been created by GM crops are glufosinate (Hart 21), which causes birth defects in mammals, and glyphosate (Hart 88), which is now linked to non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Therefore, it is evident that the general public is the guinea pig for GM food, and today’s drugs may not be able to combat the diseases that may arise from eating the food. Superbugs are created when genes transfer from one species to another, and if an antibiotic-resistant or pesticide-resistant gene were to transfer from an organism into a disease creating bacteria, then an antibiotic-resistant or pesticide-resistant bug would be created (Miller 83). This applies to bacteria and viruses that are symbiotically related. Gene modification is indirectly making life resistant to diseases, and these bacteria and viruses will adapt to the new form of life and create new disorders. Furthermore, GM crops may make the â€Å"normal† biological pest spray obsolete. This is because pests will soon develop resistance to the spray because of the widespread planting of GM crops. Nevertheless, superbug pesticides have not yet been manufactured, nor have superbug antibiotics been created (Miller 92). Consequently, the health risks for humans through superbug infections or by eating GM food is very serious, and the consequences that may come about have the potent ial to be life threatening. Genetic engineering of food crops has the potential to affect the biodiversity of a region in effectively two ways. First, wild populations of weed may be replaced by GM crop/weed, due to the GM crop spreading outside the crop field and interacting with natural weed and slowly becoming GM weed. Since GM crops are produced to be resistant to pesticides and herbicides, there is the possibility that they could invade wild grasslands and other places and prosper because of these special characteristics. If this happened, the native grasses would be unable to compete and biodiversity would be lost in these regions. Also, many genetically engineered crops contain anti-viral genes and there is the potential that these genes could combine to form new and dangerous strains of viruses, which could destroy specific crops. Although, to date, there is no direct evidence of these occurring naturally, the potential is clearly increasing (UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. What is happening to Agricultural Biodiversity?). The second way in which the biodiversity of a region is potentially affected is by the decreasing crop varieties that are being planted. This is a problem already existing in agriculture today, and results in a loss of genetic variety within crop cultures. Farmers being forced to use only patented seeds are an example of a potential decrease in biodiversity. If traditional seed varieties are used, farmers will be at a financial disadvantage due to better tasting, better looking crops produced by farmers using GM seeds. In the U.S., and some other countries, laws have been passed and are currently in effect stating that the use of non-patented seeds is prohibited. This will restrict the crops to a few species, leaving them more at risk to new pests that may form (UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. What are the underlying causes of the Losses of Agricultural Biodiversity?). The European community is by far the most anti-GM, so to speak, when it comes to the retail of GM food in their supermarkets (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, Consumer attitudes and decision-making with regard to genetically modified food products). Regulations are being imposed on the European Parliament, individual European nations, and some stores themselves have all imposed restrictions on GM foods. Manufacturers must label all foods that might have genetically altered ingredients. This includes food with genetically manufactured organisms, food with an intentionally modified molecular structure, and food that has been isolated for microorganisms, fungi, and algae. Furthermore, the genetically altered food must not mislead the consumer, present any danger to the consumer, or differ from the food that it is intended to replace so that the altered food is a nutritional disadvantage to the consumer (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, Development of meth ods to identify foods produced by means of genetic engineering). This legislation has now created trade barriers for food coming into Europe some imported food is genetically modified and creates a risk to the people’s health and safety. Nevertheless, because some supermarkets in Europe have decided to be non-GM only, this has created a competitive disadvantage for the â€Å"half†-GM supermarkets. This response to consumer pressure is also having an effect on some companies or countries that cannot meet the legislative needs, and are obliged to lose markets and/or market shares (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, European network safety assessment of genetically modified food crops). If the world finally agrees to the consumption of GM food, European countries will be the last to â€Å"give-in† to the more lenient regulations. If one is to ask a North American if the product he or she is eating contains GM food, he or she will most likely show a blank stare. This is because regulation of GM food in North America is relatively relaxed when compared to Europe (Borger, second paragraph). Since the manufacturer is not required to label their products, the consumer is oblivious to buying GM food at the supermarket. Agriculture and technology are both being heavily invested in the United States. Profit is an important driving force for the developed world, and agricultural exports make up a large portion of exports from the United States (Borger, third paragraph). Since the demand for food is always increasing, the demand to produce more food at a faster rate requires the need for better biotechnology to be put into practice. And because of the lax laws in effect for the United States, and Canada, North Americans are â€Å"in the dark† with regards to what they are eating during their meals. North America ns are not educated about the risks of GM food, nor are they aware of where to find information regarding how much GM food is in their groceries (Borger, 12th paragraph). This poses a serious threat to the potential health of North Americans, as they are nothing but â€Å"lab rats† waiting for their first abnormal â€Å"twitch†. Human health can be seen as the greatest factor when considering the manufacturing of GM food. This is because of the few diseases and viruses that have been discovered which formed through the use of GM food. Also, the potential for new diseases and/or viruses through the use of GM food is increasing, and people are not aware of the risks. Antibiotics or pesticides have not yet been created to combat the superbug, and this is a concern for humans, as it will infect people, and crops altogether. There is a potential for the biodiversity to decrease because of gene transfers from one species to another, creating more powerful crops, which may take over the natural populations of weeds and grasslands. An additional way for the biodiversity to decrease is by farmers planting only a single variety of crop, thus wiping out the varied species needed to keep the diversity within crop fields. Europeans are the most aware of GM food, and are taking the necessary precautions and legislative ac tions to protect themselves against the use of GM food. However, North Americans are the least aware of GM food, and their government has not yet educated their citizens on the risks of GM food. There are too many risks involved in the use of GM food, and its removal from the agricultural and biotechnological industries will benefit human health, the environment, and global economy.

Aging Matter for Journal of Adolescent Health- myassignmenthelp

â€Å"Don’t Retire, Repurpose Your Life† age makes no difference, beautiful lines expresses in the book called ‘THE CHANGE ‘expressed that there is no end of anything whatever your age could be. Keep learning what you love to do, keep doing what to love to do. Life is such a wonderful blessing. There are those who have really tough challenges to deal with and you could help them. You could read in the library to small children. You might love art, so volunteer to talk about your favourite artist. If you enjoy visiting, go sit with a Vet, a person who has to be cared for, or makes it hard for the spouse or care giver to go out an hour alone. You can read to them, just visit, or really make yourself of help to others by just being there. As I love to work and increase knowledge, so after my age of 65 I still want to learn new theories and will work.  (Paul, 2014) I try to rejuvenate myself but I know I can’t do as I was doing during my adulthood. There are many factors that influenced me to achieve my goals. These factors are:  Ã‚   Health: My body is not that energetic what I feel from inside. I need to take regular intakes in order to maintain my energy level. I digestion capacity reduced day by day, eating junk food will not help me either. Medicines: I used to take medicines only when I am not well at my young age, even I refused to do so n recover automatically but now I need to take medicines on regular interval to keep myself ready to live routine life. Mind: Now my mind is mature and practical enough to understand every little thing, so as during my young age I never back step to accept challenges but now I am little bit afraid just because of my age factor. Another key to stay healthy and keep the heart healthy is by being happy always and keeping the stress away from me.    Chronic diseases: It depends upon the heredity or the living conditions of the person, some have one chronic disease while others have many. It could be followed after a test taken by the doctor which can show us the report as how can we keep ourself healthy and fit. Digestive system: Person is suffering from many digestive disorders about 40% of the time, they are like inability to eat proper diet, problem in swallowing, bleeding, constipation etc Eyesight: There is reduction in the ability of the person to read or locate objects. After 50 most of the people is suffering from presbiopia while after 80 by the cataract. Heart: Heart becomes less efficient comparatively which results in loss of stamina and can result into serious problems in future. However, to prevent this at first it is necessary to be aware with our health. I  am trying to bring some much needed changes in my life and settling into a new life style. I sleep properly, exercise in the proper amount and I eat only healthy food. I eat healthy. I take orange for fibre, vitamin C, low fat cheddar cheese and avocado slices for lunch with a low fat yogurt parfait with blueberries, strawberries and bananas for dessert. I forgot about the nuts for snacking, nuts are nutritious and supposed to contain the good kind of fat. I forgot about the two cups of veggie crunch sticks each afternoon – maybe I need to cut those veggie crunch sticks out. I’ll eat more high fibre and other foods that are supposed to help lower LDL. I am excited about the changes I’ve made. Its good time to revisit my goals which I have already set during my adulthood. As I was very busy in work and earning money, running in race of settling myself I left few things which I love to do. So I have already planned to do all these things after my retirement. I nvolving in activities like yoga and meditation will surely help in improving my mental health. I love to do yoga. Yoga is one of the best ways to focus ones mind and remove stress. When I am unable to visit my Yoga classes I practice at my home and meditate. As long the life goes on the period of learning extends each time with it. The stage of life is a classroom and we get to learn something or other throughout our life. Education is the most important pillar of the life of an individual. It gives direction to the human life. Even if I am 65years old I want to persue my dreams.I want to sudy, as we use to say that there is no age for the study. So I want to complete my degrees and education qualifications. Books are my best friends they never give worries they always give knowledge and spend time with the human being very sincerely. They never ditch with their thoughts.Although the of the age group 60-80 enjoys their life in the most richest manner but the main drawback is body failure and their depence on others. One of the biggest problems that can hamper achievement of goal is financial crisis. Even with the increase in aging the problem sustains. So a few steps can resolve the problem and help save a person from financial crisis..This age is usually associated with the time when many medical and pension benefits are available. It will help to gain the advantage of the situations that were analysed beforehand to prevent any further crisis. Before finally retiring from the job it is needed to ensure that the savings are enough to continue with the daily activities and the problems are can be solved with the saved money. . The monetary related issue is one of the essential issue that can occur at any point of life at any where. For this purpose it is necessary to understand and be ready for the situation that may arise in future. The benfits of the money saved while in the retirement period can prove out to be an advantageous decision made early in the life. Research shows that retirement doesn’t necessarily mean that the responsibilities towards the family come to an end. Although many retirees will still be remember the time when they first stop working. Increasingly, we were seeing retirement incomes being extended in ways that would not have seemed likely a generation ago. Numerous monetary dependants and multi-generational households are additional motives why saving as much as possible as early as possible, and seeking specialised economic advice, are vital for those preparing for retirement.Providing a financial support is very important but after retirement people used to get afraid of the situation as they will beable to provide the same helping hand to their family or not.   (Paul, 2014) Transportation helps the person to move from one place to another. The person who don’t have personal vehicle can easily move from one place to another during his past but after retirement moving through public bus or any other mode is not suitable even driving two wheeler is also not safe for the person. The person should have four wheeler in order to move, the maintanence of four wheeler is costly as compares to other mentioned modes and financially already the person is in risk. So having proper means of transport impacts highly on the fulfilment of family responsibilities. After considering all my financial issues I come up with various of the concerns regarding my decisions in life related to financial decision. Some of my plannings and check lists are listed below: Capital Preservation: Capital conservancy means security and protection. CDs, Treasury retreats and reserves bonds do pay interest, however they are all backed by the full confidence and credit. Cash reserves of insurance carrier is sometimes backed with annuities which causes the fund investor to become insolvent. Investment: Investment seeks as a mode of payment in the aging period. This might confront to some of the risks but the preferred utility stocks, corporate and municipal bonds brings up higher rates of income. In addition, annuities also provide income with guarantee and some restrictions offered inside the contract (Cussen, 2017). Planning: Planning is another significant decision that needs to be taken each time there is a need of such decisions. planning is important to be done in each process as it helps to understand the consequences and the profits that might be upcoming with the situation. there is a need with the planning in the period of aging as it will help to feature the solution before hand. Tax Reduction:  Tax reduction is itself explainable. there is simply   a goal to decrease the income levy bill of any of the investment policy being used. As if for a saving as growth investor for the the purpose of retirement. in such case it can be useful to use an â€Å"individual retirement account (IRA)† or a tax referred plan. annuities are also kind of tax-deferral plans (Cussen, 2017). Bernheim, B. D. (1987). Dissaving after retirement: Testing the pure life cycle hypothesis. In Issues in pension economics . University of Chicago Press. Blinder, A. S., Gordon, R. H., & Wise, D. E. (1983). Social Security, bequests and the life cycle theory of saving: cross-sectional tests. In The determinants of national saving and wealth . Palgrave Macmillan, London. Bradley, B, Green, AC. Do Health and Education Agencies in the United States Share Responsibility for Academic Achievement and Health? A Review of 25 years of Evidence About the Relationship of Adolescents’ Academic Achievement and Health Behaviors, Journal of Adolescent Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Association Between School-based Physical Activity, Including Physical Education, and Academic Performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. Danziger, S., Van Der Gaag, J., Smolensky, E., & Taussig, M. K. (1982). The life-cycle hypothesis and the consumption behavior of the elderly. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics. Davies, J. B. (1981). Uncertain lifetime, consumption, and dissaving in retirement. Journal of political Economy. Diamond, P. A., & Hausman, J. A. (1984). Individual retirement and savings behavior. Journal of Public Economics. Ekerdt, D. J. (1986). The busy ethic: Moral continuity between work and retirement. The Gerontologist. Hamermesh, D. S. (1982). Consumption during retirement: The missing link in the life cycle. Hubbard, R. G. (1986). Pension wealth and individual saving: Some new evidence. Journal of money, credit and banking. McKenzie, FD, Richmond, JB. Linking health and learning: An overview of coordinated school health programs. In: Marx E, Wooley SF, Northrop D, eds. Health is Academic: A Guide to Coordinated School Health Programs. New York, NY: Teachers College Press; 1998. Mirer, T. W. (1979). The wealth-age relation among the aged. The American Economic Review.

Film analysis paper,National security movie Research Paper

Film analysis ,National security movie - Research Paper Example He is an LAPD constable who is killed while carrying an investigation. He is really determined to arrest the guilty parties (McClure 1-2). Zahn first encounters Martin Lawrence, a conceited police academy rookie whose determination is to upstage his trainer gets him rebuked. He is somehow both irrational and aggressive. In one scene he explains any and al opposition as resentment against the African American. As the movie, develops, the viewer discovers that Early Montgomery transforms every circumstance into a race concern, at all times with squirm inducing consequences. In reality, the technique needs that these two opposites become partners and the screenwriters arrive here utilizing a remarkably outrageous series involving police hostility. Finally as the movie progresses, Hank bears two days of extreme training an ends up being a party to National Security. But he unwillingly teams with fellow colleague Montgomery. They two though continue to dig into Hank’s colleagueâ₠¬â„¢s murder. The script for this movie was badly edited (O’Sullivan 4). The script has also been overshadowed the film in other numerous other instances of poor editing. It appears to be based just on lots of gun shoot-outs, numerous chase episodes, typecast bad guy engaging the good guy s in fierce gun fights. Unfortunately, they miss a lot. The downward to this movie also are the vulgar jokes and racist allegations against the white man. Earl plays his character precisely like all of his other roles. He is often irritating, bothersome, noisy, juvenile and lusting after every woman he comes across. His role throws childlike tantrums accusing everything on racial prejudice, he gives false accounts of how he was beaten, and he is biased. His lying amounts to his partner being imprisoned for a crime he did commit. His persistent whining about being a victim of white man prejudice gets truly overestimated. The real predicament is that there is nothing like being a victim of whi te man dominance going on in the film. The script as the movie progresses seems determined to reverse prejudice which becomes too lopsided (Leydon 7-8). The colors in the movie are a bit dull, surely on the end of the range and wholly opposite to National Security. Better still, these colors are effectual and manage to establish the mood of the movie. Conversation and music are fundamental to the telling of the story, and both are well represented and well re-produced here. It sounds pretty, though a massive part of it has a rough edge about it. For instance, after Hank’s imprisonment, the offenders not only have they stayed behind in Los Angeles, they continue to commit more crimes with disturbance. The script at first cues at stolen computer chips, but alterations gears to incorporate a more priceless titanium metal alloy that the dangerous offenders melt. At this point, the editing is quite sloppy and careless. The plot suffers from numerous deficiencies, as well. The char acter of Martin Lawrence seems like the most miscalculated endeavor at humor. Every joke buzzing Earl utters involver the extortion of a racial pigeonhole. In the film Earl is incapable of retaining a consistent thought from one episode to another. This therefore makes his character and his humor wildly contradictory. The other problem with the movie is that its shows some standby characters like Feore and

Media Coverage of Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Media Coverage of Climate Change - Essay Example The mention of virtue is ridiculed, and even the word itself has fallen out of favor" (1928). This assignment reflects on the media coverage of climate change in United Kingdom and struggle towards exploring how British newspaper reports on climate change. There are some historical issues that have been discussed in this analytical report. It also provide with the literature review of history of climate change and how the media contributed a great deal towards communicating environmental issues. It also sheds light on how some famous newspapers of Britain reporting on climate change. According to research, if newspapers do not exaggerate it will be more meaningful and real to public. As a reporter, they need to find out how they can report the news that engage public and awake their attention rather than create havoc among them. The review of literature will look at several British newspapers related to reporting climate change. It will also shed some light on what is Climate change, what is Global Warming and how it effects the environment. Climate is the pattern of weather in a particular place, how much windy and sunshine it gets, how much rain it's going to be is all included in weather change. As we all know the world climate is all under the influence of sun. Since the beginning of the universe, the earth rotates on a tilted axis, and because of this different of the world is heated at different times making some places hotter than other and cause change in season. The change in temperature causes the change in air pressure, producing storms, hurricanes. The sun's temperature also warms up the seas unevenly which sometimes causes underwater winds. Association between atmosphere and oceans sometimes produce critical weather patterns such as El-Nino, a sort of strange weather happens every few years in the pacific. Scientists are of the view that large amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere, and hotter temperature on earth affects the climate and brings change across the whole planet. And this change is already on its way to earth in different parts of the world. But it's nothing new. Earth's climate has been changing over from the past hundreds of millions of years, sometime getting colder sometimes warmer. Climate change people talk about these days is somewhat different. Scientists believe that it is not happening naturally but our way of living and consumption is making it happen. Mostly it is caused by gradual increase in fossil fuels. Traditional or natural climate change makes the whole world hotter or cooler, whereas modern climate change is making more erratic changes all over the places, making some places hotter and some cooler. This is what Global Warming is. Global warming works according to climate change. It's all because of what people do. Earth is getting warmer year by year but not in the sense of short term. It has been happening since 1990. Since then the whole planet has warmed up upto 0.8 degrees centigrade. And it is likely that by the end of the 21st century it's going to get 2.5 degree centigrade

The Gospels of Matthew and Mark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Gospels of Matthew and Mark - Essay Example Another prevailing point concerning this issue argues that like many of the people’s common views during the time of Jesus, the disciples might have the significant thought that Jesus will have to immediately take political control of the government, as heir to David’s throne (LaHaye 96). This means that talking about the death of Jesus to save the humankind will not make sense at all because that would only mean not being able to fulfil the idea as what the disciples might have thought among themselves. This also may have impeded the probable expectations of the disciples that were hovering over their imaginations concerning Jesus’ future role. If we try to consider these arguments, one thing that can be remarkably clear is that confusion of the disciples was triggered by the prevailing way of thinking and as Shea explained, it was conventional consciousness that must be radically changed prior to understanding what Jesus meant by his death to save the humankind . Due to this conventional way of thinking, LaHaye’s thought concerning the disciples’ expectations may significantly apply. ... ving in mind the things of God are at their profoundest truth, which must require a substantial change of the conventional consciousness to the path of a more radical one. The Scripture says, â€Å"‘For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,’ declares the Lord† (Isaiah 55:8; NIV). Thus, with human understanding alone, it will be harder to fathom what Jesus told to his disciples who were not having the exact idea on what was the next thing to come. At a specific example, this confusion that eventually bred fear resulted to Peter’s denial and the rest of Jesus’ disciples during his trial and crucifixion. Question number 4 Jesus said, â€Å"Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them† (Matthew 5:17; NIV). Concerning his teaching about anger towards the neighbours, Jesus wants us to know that it will eventually be the same with a murder. Jesus want s the people to know that such anger will lead someone to be in danger of the fire of hell. â€Å"But anyone who says, ‘You fool’ will be in danger of the fire of hell† (Matthew 5:22c; NIV). Jesus also wants us to know that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart. He said, â€Å"You have heard that it was said, Do not commit adultery.’ But I tell you that anyone who looks at the woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart† (Matthew 5:27-28; NIV). Concerning divorce, Jesus’ said, â€Å"But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, causes her to become an adulteress, and anyone who marries the divorced woman commits adultery† (Matthew 5:32; NIV). This is in line with what Jesus’ said that â€Å"Therefore what

Review the literature and evidence for or against the effectiveness of Essay

Review the literature and evidence for or against the effectiveness of packaging as an important part of tobacco promotion. With special reference to Australia - Essay Example igarettes or other tobacco products should carry no advertising or promotion, including design features that make products attractive† (Voon, Mitchell, and Liberman, 2012, p. 38). White, Webster, and Wakefield (2008) investigated the impact of introducing the graphic warning labels of health on the adolescents and found that the established and experimental adolescent smokers were more likely to consider quitting smoking. The researchers also found lower intentions of smoking among students that discussed the new labels of warning with one another. The use of stronger warning labels on the packaging of cigarettes in Australia led to an increase in the population of people that reported that the warning had always caught their attention by 29 per cent (Borland, 1997). The packaging of cigarettes has a significant impact on the tendency of people to smoke. According to the results of a survey that was carried out to investigate the transaction times of tobacco in 100 different suburban retail outlets in Perth before and after plain packaging of cigarettes found that the transaction times of most retailers were reduced because of plain packaging, that suggests increased sales of cigarettes (BMJ, 2013). This is why â€Å"[p]ackaging has been used for many years to generate evocative images such as luxury, freedom, glamour, status and masculinity and femininity† (World Heart Federation, n.d., p. 5). Graphic warnings on the packaging of cigarettes in Australia include information on the potential ways of quitting smoking like website addresses and quitline numbers. Use of this strategy has been found to be effective in encouraging the smokers to quit smoking (tobaccofreekids.org, n.d., p. 4). This can be estimated from the fact that after the pictorial labels were introduced with the quitline information on the packaging of cigarettes in Australia in the year 2006, a two-fold increase in the rate of callers of quitline was noticed in comparison to the two preceding

Distance Education in Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distance Education in Nursing - Assignment Example From the research it is clear that  distance education has become an increasingly acceptable option for nurses owing to a variety of reasons. While it is a convenient option for those who are based in a rural setting and wish to avoid inconvenience and costs of travelling to a university, many choose it for its vast flexibility, enabling them to manage their family, work and education effectively. Sometimes, after having completed their bachelors from an institute, the nurses are unable to find appropriate qualification enhancement in their rural settings and hence this mode of education is an appropriate solution. Some opt for it so they can maintain their operational licenses and certification and hereby stay up to date in their specialties, while many use it as a means to improve their skill sets. The blessings of this form of education are most prominent for those in a rural setting, for many nurses practicing in rural areas are required to demonstrate advanced knowledge and sk ills along with minimal assistance.  As the paper investigates  owing to the increased popularity and preference of this mode of education, most of the universities have incorporated various courses in post-basic RN baccalaureate programs, many baccalaureate and some master’s programmes as well. This means that in the future, the prospects of maximum education by means of technology will open ways for many more students, who wish to acquire nursing education at a variety of levels. (Kristen S Montgomery, 2002) Is distance education the best possible option? Arguments and justifications: The need to spread awareness and education in today’s world is extremely high. While those in cities are blessed with more than one medium of education, it is rural education that poses a severe concern to many. Distance education comes as a blessing in disguise for these areas, where basic healthcare facilities themselves are missing and the stature of the nurse is almost comparabl e to that of the physician himself. These nurses require training, without a shift in their location. For city nurses, the issue is a different one. They are involved in their jobs for most part of the

Meat Industry in Kenya Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Meat Industry in Kenya - Research Paper Example The livestock marketing council found in Kenya is a private entity that plays the role of advocating for the rights of livestock traders and assists them in marketing of their products. The banks found in Kenya provide individuals and organizations with agricultural loans to boost their agricultural undertakings including livestock keeping and trading in livestock. The government of Kenya runs the management of the public body that has monopolized the meat processing sector in Kenya. This includes provision of financial support for this corporation. Most of the privately owned firms dealing with livestock and livestock products are privately run. The management of such firms supports them financially and ensure that they are run in the desired way (Ngugi 2001pp52-63). Social and cultural factors affecting the meat industry in Kenya Most of the societies living in Kenya place no restrictions to consumption of meat with the very insignificant exemption of the Indians living in this country. This therefore means that the meat industry sells most of its products to the Kenyan local community. Most of the Kenyan communities value red meat and incorporates its consumption in many of their cultural ceremonies including weddings, initiation and even burial ceremonies. This has a positive impact to the meat industry due to the large public meat consumption during the ceremonies. Kenyan communities are further divided into subcultures which hold a number of social gatherings to deliberate on issues affecting them. Most of these subcultures normally take the red meat as the main diet served during such gatherings. An infamous group that dotes on red meat when holding its social gatherings is the 'Mungiki'. Technological factors affecting meat... The paper describes the determinants of demand for meat in Kenya. The price at which meat is sold determines the demand for it. When the price of meat goes up, fewer individuals will be willing to buy it. They feel like buying the meat at a higher price takes most of the money at their disposal away. Locals prefer to buy foods that can be supplemented with meat like beans or lentils for the provision of proteins in the body. This idea is mostly influenced by an increase in the price of the meat, which makes them reluctant to buy the expensive meat and prefer cheap protein supplements. When meat substitutes cost less than the meat itself, the local demand for meat shifts to the ‘more affordable’ substitutes. The Kenyan locals for example prefer to take fish or animal organs like the intestines, kidney or liver which costs less than the meat itself. The income levels also determine meat consumption within the local Kenyan setting. With most of the households leading a poor life, meat is commonly viewed as a luxury for the rich. Hence, the humble households consume meat less while the rich ones consume meat very frequently. The above characterizes the consumption of meat within social, geographical or even cultural levels. Since meat costs much higher than most other sources of income, those people living in areas where income is high will buy more meat than those areas where income is low. Thus, the Kenyan suburbs records high meat intake, than the slums.

Distance Education in Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distance Education in Nursing - Assignment Example From the research it is clear that  distance education has become an increasingly acceptable option for nurses owing to a variety of reasons. While it is a convenient option for those who are based in a rural setting and wish to avoid inconvenience and costs of travelling to a university, many choose it for its vast flexibility, enabling them to manage their family, work and education effectively. Sometimes, after having completed their bachelors from an institute, the nurses are unable to find appropriate qualification enhancement in their rural settings and hence this mode of education is an appropriate solution. Some opt for it so they can maintain their operational licenses and certification and hereby stay up to date in their specialties, while many use it as a means to improve their skill sets. The blessings of this form of education are most prominent for those in a rural setting, for many nurses practicing in rural areas are required to demonstrate advanced knowledge and sk ills along with minimal assistance.  As the paper investigates  owing to the increased popularity and preference of this mode of education, most of the universities have incorporated various courses in post-basic RN baccalaureate programs, many baccalaureate and some master’s programmes as well. This means that in the future, the prospects of maximum education by means of technology will open ways for many more students, who wish to acquire nursing education at a variety of levels. (Kristen S Montgomery, 2002) Is distance education the best possible option? Arguments and justifications: The need to spread awareness and education in today’s world is extremely high. While those in cities are blessed with more than one medium of education, it is rural education that poses a severe concern to many. Distance education comes as a blessing in disguise for these areas, where basic healthcare facilities themselves are missing and the stature of the nurse is almost comparabl e to that of the physician himself. These nurses require training, without a shift in their location. For city nurses, the issue is a different one. They are involved in their jobs for most part of the

Juice Bar and Boost Juice Essay Example for Free

Juice Bar and Boost Juice Essay

Personnel Management and HRM

Personnel Management and HRM Personnel management is a type of Human Resource Management. This area of management is concerned about workers and staff of the organization. They are responsible for recruiting and staffing of employees in an organization. Its features include: Organizational management Personnel administration Manpower management Industrial management The term personnel Management and Human Resource management can be called as the same process having two names. In todays world Personnel management is known as human resource management which came into effect during the 1970s and got the acceptance in 1989.Both terms however, referred to the same thing; the personnel manager who work for a company represent that companys human resources. Although Human Resource Management department did not exist in the 1940s, but many Human Resource practices and programs that we see today emerged in the earlier times. Human Resource Management (HRM) previously known as personal management, deals with formal system for the management of the employees within the organization. HR mangers have many things to do and think regarding their workers. These concerns include how to manage layoffs, address reduced employee loyalty, and create a well trained highly motivated work force through training, capable of higher productivity with high quality. Manage and increase diverse workforce and contain health care cost. In 1970s, the job of the HR manger was to keep their companies out of court because at that time the government set many regulations regarding the work. In the 1980s HR mangers had to address staffing costs related to mergers and acquisitions and downsizing. The economic issues related to an increasingly global and competitive workplace characterize the 1990s Shifting from Personnel Management to HRM: The most important role of HRM can be from the transformation of the personnel management function from concentrating on employee welfare to managing workforce in a way, that meet organizational and individual goals and providing employees with internal and external rewards. Therefore, today Human Resource Management (HRM), previously had known as personal management, deals with formal system for the management of the people within the organization. Many well-known companies report that they are trying to transform their workforce into a source of competitive advantage. Stages of shifting of Personnel Management to HRM: Firstly, Effective HRM focus on linking HRM problems to the overall strategy of the organization, the most effective HRM will design policies and practices for such corporate policies and strategies which can change an organizations culture Secondly, building strong cultures is a way of promoting particular organizational goals, strong culture is aimed at uniting employees through a shared set of managerially set of values (quality, service, innovation etc.) Thirdly, the attitude that people are a variable cost is ineffective HRM, replaced by the view that people are resource and that as social capital can be developed and can contribute to competitive advantage. It is accepted that competitive advantage is gained through well-educated and trained, motivated and committed employees. Fourthly, the view that the interests of employees and management or shareholders are divergent which was substantially true in the past is giving way to the view that this need not necessarily be so. Shift of personnel management to HRM took place in three stages: 1. Records and Administration 2. Accountability Regulations 3. Competitive Advantage 1. Records and Administration: In first stage the primary activities, which were carried out by personnel department, were, Planning Company picnics Scheduling vacations, Enrolling workers for health-care coverage, planning retirement parties, increase diverse workforce and contain health care cost. 2. Accountability Regulations: During this stage primary framework of rules and regulations started emerging in the organization. In 1970s, the job of the HR manger was to keep their companies out of court. In the 1980s HR mangers had to address staffing costs related to mergers and acquisitions and downsizing. 3. Competitive Advantage: The aim of this shift stage is from merely securing compliance to the more ambitious one of winning commitment. The employee resource, therefore, becomes worth investing in, and training and development thus assume a higher profile. P 2: -Assess the role, tasks and activities of the human resource practitioner HRM plays a very important role in the success of every organization especially big organization where it is difficult to manage all the activities. HRM is also developing and maintaining a quality of work life thats make employment in the organization desirable. It provides well trained and multi-skill employees. One of the most important functions of HRM is that it brings strategic integration. To integrate all the functions from top management to lower management. Integrate them at one specific point that all functions are interrelated. The policies of HRM are structured in such away which allows maximum flexibility and because of flexibility it can bring innovation because innovation is also very important for the success of an organization like that of specialized cycle. There motto is innovation or die. HRM also force on better quality because of the best quality it can survive in the market. Because with the industrial revolution there when new competitors enter in to the market the old competitors stress on quality in order to show that they have a competitive edge. The HR Manager has an important role in developing and reviewing policies, practices and later referring them to senior management for decision making. The HR Manager generally educates staff through applied theories and retraining them with skillful training for line managers. The HR Manager provides support and guidance to those employees which are involved in unwelcome actions. HR Manager is responsible to find such people whose abilities are competent with the nature of business in which the organization is involve. HR Manager conducts job analysis, recruitment and selecting processes effectively and efficiently which helps an organization to hire capable people. HR Manager is responsible to increase the skill and knowledge level of the employees in order to improve their performance level. It is not obvious that one strategy regarding improving performance level which works for one organization will also work for others HR Manager has a key role in appraising an employee. Through appraising the HR department can judge employees performance. A performance appraisal compares every employees real performance with the benchmarks of standards i.e. appraising employees help the companies in evaluating its employees. HR Manager is responsible to make sure that its policies are competent with the government rules and regulation so that the government shouldnt take the company to court. Secondly it is the ethical responsibility of the organization that it should work under the premises of government laws. The HR Manager builds a competitive edge because conceptually HRM is a strategy of using human resource. Now a day if a company wants to build a competitive edge over its competitors so it has to be very good in managing its human resource because it is the human who use all other sources of production. HR Manager is responsible to make such an environment to make employees effective and efficient to adapt the changing of technologies to perform the operations. Now a days planning is needed for all the functions and actions of the organizations. Building strategies is one of the core purposes of planning. As human assets are considered the keys to business success so while planning and building strategies it is very important to integrate the strategies regarding human resource with over all corporate strategic planning so that the success can be achieved. An Ideal HR Manager Generally HR Manager should perform such activities like planning, directing, and coordinating human resource management actions of an organization to develop the strategic usage of human resources and to continue functions such as recruitment, employees training, planning, employee compensation, and employees performance appraisal. HR should be a Profit Centre which refers to a part of a corporation that directly adds to its profit. Organizations may be organized in terms of profit centers where the profit centers revenues and expenses are held separate from the main companys in order to determine their profitability. We can justify this that recruitments, staff settlement, training and other things that they do should be profitable for an organization. They need to reduce administration cost through proper planning for example providing transport facilities, coffee, tea, lunch expenses, other bonuses lead to higher administrative cost. It will help them to avoid wastage of resources. They need to conduct Performance Appraisal properly which refers to as a method by which the job performance of an employee is evaluated (generally in terms of quality, quantity, cost, and time) typically by the corresponding manager. They should provide their employees compensation which refers to as a systematic approach to providing monetary value to employees in exchange for work performed. Compensation may achieve several purposes assisting in recruitment, job performance, and job satisfaction. They need have good relationship with different departments and try to keep themselves up to date from their activities and performances in order to prevent miscommunication and other disputes. P3: Evaluate the role and responsibilities of line managers in human resource practices? Line manager is person who deals with the workforce directly. Line manager plays important role in the success of HR manager. Line managers play vital role in terms of implementing HR policies and practices such as, disciplinary handling, absence management, Training and appraising employees. Line managers now have a greater involvement in the recruitment and selection process from the outset.ÂÂ   Alongside the HR manager, line managers are now typically involved in briefing the recruitment agency, writing the advertisement, short listing and interviewing they then make sure that recruitment is right. HR manager gets staff information from the line manager, for example if the employees are not working properly or they dont come regularly, these line managers inform the HR manager to take proper actions. If some workers are not performing well then HR manager consults line manager for providing them training in order to develop the skills and techniques of their employees and th en appraising those employees who are working well in order provide them with equal growth opportunities. Some researches have found that where employees feels positive about their relationship with their line managers they are more likely to have higher levels of job satisfaction, commitment and loyalty which are associated with higher levels of performance, for example taking care of employees health and hygiene factors will address employees absenteeisms and hence increase their motivation. As well as line manager helps HR manager in providing employees other fringe benefits such as free medical, transport and free education for employees children and treating every in the same way will increase their loyalty towards their organization and hence, it will address the discipline problems. Therefore, the involvements of line manager in HR practices improve their activities further. M1: Discuss how the concepts of PM and HRM are practiced in an organization? We have selected UFONE as an organization. As we all know that Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Limited (PTCL) that started its operations in January 2001 under the brand name UFONE. As a result of PTCLs privatization, UFONE became a part of the Emirates Telecommunication Corporation Group (Etisalat) in 2006. (Referenced from: http://ufone.com/about.aspx ) They have got large human resources in their Peshawar branch office. They have a human resource department in Islamabad to guide their employees and provide those facilities and comfort. In this company there are several departments such as sales department, customer care department, finance department, marketing department, corporate department etc. In UFONE Human Resource Department has individual relationship with each department. In UFONE the roles and responsibilities of Human Resource Management Department which was previously known as Personal management in recruitment process is given below: Before hiring new employees the HR department ensures that whether there is a need to hire a new employee for the particular job. The recruitment in UFONE is of both internal and external nature. Internal Recruitment In this case the employees already in the organization are encouraged to fill the vacant position. The HR department and other senior department choose the best fit from the employees within the UFONE. After the promotion employees are sent for further training. Internal recruitment motivates the employees to perform well and produce good results. It also creates a healthy competition within the staff of UFONE. External Recruitment If the HR department of UFONE feels that there is no one in the company who can fill the vacancy then they recruit from external sources. First they select some supervisors with whom the new people will work in order to form a panel of people who will interview applicants. UFONE has a data base system i.e. HRMS (Human Resource Management System) for its current applicants as well for the future employees. People just drop their CVs there and in case some vacancy occurs HR department call them for an interview. UFONE also advertise internally for recruitment purpose, because their current employees pass this information to their friends and families. UFONEs HR management has the service of internal flow, web designer, and Eveready media in order to post their advertisement. They also have eCVs format in which people put their CVs without moving and this system forward them to the HRM department. Recruitment procedure in UFONE For collecting application everything is computerized and it is very easy for them to reply too many applicants. They handle first those people who do not fit in their job and deal them carefully because they consider them their future applicants. Then they take on-line evaluation test (basically for testing personality and skills) and candidates that pass this test are called for an interview and the day for the interview is already set. Then the results are screened by an expert penal in order to reduce the chances of errors in selecting the candidates. After selecting the candidates then they are referred to accounts department for settling the pay and they give the new employees an orientation of what is his/her duties and responsibilities in UFONE. Then after some time they provide them training for enhancing their skill of communication with their client. The basic purpose behind all these recruitment steps is to hire a skillful workforce in UFONE who work toward department and the organizations goals and objectives and to get competitive advantage. M2: Make an effective judgment about PM and line manager responsibilities in studied organization. The line manager has key role in UFONE. They are responsible for dealing workforce directly and they are there to help the HRM department and others as well. The way line manager works with HR manager in selection processes, disciplinary handling, absence management, and training and appraising in UFONE which has been mentioned in P3. According to the Judgment given to us by the HR manager of UFONE, they are achieving their goals on time. He said our HRM department has good relationship with every department of UFONE such as marketing, corporate, finance, sales, customers care departments etc. The HR department plan rules and regulation and the way they want their employees to work then our line managers pass those information to the lower staff so that they perform accordingly within time in order to get organizational goals. Some time they work more than their required duty timing from 9am to 5pm and till 8pm so that they get their targets. But what we judged after studying UFONE i s even though they provide their employees all the monetary and non-monetary benefits a lot of employees from both managerial and non-managerial levels left UFONE just after few months of their joining. The major reason behind this is that sometime in order to achieve their targets in the season many people keep working more then their required duty timing of 9am to 5pm and continue till 8pm and employees find themselves without their social life. Another problem that we noticed was that there was lack of communication between sales departments and the marketing department. D1: Evaluate the roles and responsibilities of HR manager and line manager in the organization as compared to their ideal role. Here we would like to specify the problems or the area in which HR manager is lacking after studying UFONE. In this company communication between different departments is very bad for example an year ago their marketing department made an offer in their advertisement that customers can get UFONE Sims for free without informing their Sales department, that advertisement attracted the attention of every one, then every one rushed to get Sims for free, while they didnt had enough Sims to supply as consequences their image was badly effected and their Customer Care Department received thousands of complaints. We have held HR department for the problem of miscommunication between different departments because HR focuses on openness in communication between senior management and employees in different departments, results in improving employee engagement and their productivity this shows their focus is not to provide open communication. Another problem that UFONEs HR Manager is facing is t hat even though they provide their employees all the monetary and non-monetary benefits a lot of employees from both managerial and non-managerial levels left UFONE just after few months of their joining. The major reason behind this is that sometimes in order to achieve their targets in the season many people keep working more then their required duty timing of 9am to 5pm and continue till 8pm and employees find themselves without their social life. This problem shows that HR manager is not performing well because its not only money that is important to their employees they needed also to take care of employees by allowing them to go at 5pm so that they can spend time with their families. The ideal roles of their HR manager in UFONE should be the following: HR manager should build such communication system in which each department can communicate with each other so that marketing department increase demands of their customer by consulting the sales departments in order to make an effective advertisement for their product in this way each department will perform better. HR manager needs to have back up staff in season time where targets are high and with allotted time employees had to work over time for getting their targets. And provide them emergency leaves if the employees have emergency in their homes by doing this HR can stop their employees from leaving. They need to reduce administration cost through proper planning for example providing transport facilities, coffee, tea, lunch expenses, other bonuses lead to higher administrative cost. It will help them to avoid wastage of resources. They need to conduct Performance Appraisal properly which refers to as a method by which the job performance of an employee is evaluated (generally in terms of quality, quantity, cost, and time) typically by the corresponding manager. They should provide their employees compensation which refers to as a systematic approach to providing monetary value to employees in exchange for work performed. Compensation may achieve several purposes assisting in recruitment, job performance, and job satisfaction. They need have good relationship with different departments and try to keep themselves up to date from their activities and performances in order to prevent miscommunication and other disputes. D2: Suggest recommendations for realistic improvement against the defined Following are the recommendations for UFONE to carry out their human resource planning in a better way: The prediction of requirement and availability of the work force is considered an essential step in carrying out human resource planning for any organization. UFONE should do the forecasting keeping in mind the rapid changes in demands which has been taking place and should spend their time in finding best employees from service sector, which could be a source of competitive advantage for the organization. They should always look for hiring the quality workforce and this can be done effectively by keeping contacts with universities because fresh candidates no matters they are not experienced but they show enthusiasm and commitment in their early jobs to built a platform for their career. So they can hire the fresh candidates and should train them to assist the HR professionals. Moreover the initial step should be the establishment of the HR departments on regional levels because without proper HR professionals, qualitative human resource planning is not possible; this is discussed in detail in the upcoming topics. Recruitment and selection process has a pivotal role in making successful HRM policies. In case of UFONE before advertising any vacancy they should do proper job analysis which will lead to the development of an effective job description and job specification and will result in attracting potential talented candidates for the job. They should practice performance management policies, different incentives scheme should be introduced e.g. if a department within the office shows outstanding performance in generating more revenue then the rest of the areas or has performed well in reducing the complaints in that area then should be given some special incentives and should be provided companys certificate for good performance because a companys certificate means a lot to any employee. They should give all of them some role in decision making and should give them chance to achieve their full potential. Moreover job security should be given top priority because if the employee feels being in an uncertain environment and does not feel being a part of that company so he/she can never perform well, so in order to make them contribute effectively and to fulfill their responsibilities UFONE needs to work on job security. In addition, the employees should be promoted and given more benefits and greater responsibility based on their efficiency and experience. All this which will help them in keeping their employees loyal and committed and as a result employee turnover will be low. Proper training and development keeps an organization ready to face untoward situations and helps them in gaining competitive edge over its competitors. UFONE should review the performance of employees after every quarter for this purpose they should make the separate profile of each employee and their performance should be evaluated against the standard performance required for the success of the organization, this will help UFONE in finding out key areas for development for that particular employee and accordingly they can assess what his/her training needs are. Moreover in response to the case discussed above, they should invite all the employees for the training programs instead of inviting a couple of employees from every department because all of them deserve to improve and work on their skills and to get better training. Organization environment and structure is considered as the most critical factor for the success of the organization in case of UFONE the employees suggestions should be given due consideration while making the strategy this will make employee feel as a part of the organization and besides that flexible working hours and family friendly policies should also be introduced because they dont need only money in fact, they should take care of their personal needs as well. As earlier we have discussed that sometimes employee works till 8pm so this is against their own needs, they should set a proper schedule for taking out the work from employees.