Case Study Of Taman Negara Malaysia Tourism Essay Essay Example

Case Study Of Taman Negara Malaysia Tourism Essay Essay Example Case Study Of Taman Negara Malaysia Tourism Essay Essay Case Study Of Taman Negara Malaysia Tourism Essay Essay In this study I will be analyzing a touristry site with specific ecological importance to it. For this I have focused on choosing a part with rain forests as I feel they are an of import factor of ecological balance in the given planetary warming environment with increasing pollution in the ambiance. After my initial hunt on looking for rain forests, I narrowed down on Asia specifically to Malaysia given its developed economic system with a rich history of 1000s of old ages old rain forests still preserved without any intercession. I feel this would be an of import factor in my choice as being a developed state it would be easy to understand more about the state s rich geographic part as there would be lesser linguistic communication barriers with more research and cognition along with easiness in making these topographic points. Since the rain forests are more than thousand old ages old, it would be rather imperative for the planetary ecotourism to keep this topographic point in the best possible direction. It would besides hold an of import topographic point in eco touristry as its one of the few topographic points staying on Earth which still has vegetations and zoologies dating back 1000s of old ages back. Tropical rain forests provide a rare and valuable position of development and ecology. It is a topographic point where there is age old species along with diverseness of species which coexist in this environment to supply ecosystem services like H2O, food, energy cycling which is rather critical for our planet. Of all the ecosystems, rain forests are one of the most due to their big figure of species and C shops. Rain forests are straight responsible keeping local ecological and societal conditions, if non good managed it will do impairment of regional conditions and species distribution would divert. Over the old ages, rather small has been achieved by rainforest saving motions, attempts made to cut down both rainforest deforestation and diminishment have achieved small. Existing environmental and political groups have shown to be of small aid to ecology as there is still a big figure of rainforest lumbermans runing for commercial involvements. Rainforest loss and diminishment is consuming the Earth of its vitalizing mantle and hence it is of import that the ecological sustainability motion commit itself to stoping primary wood logging and protecting and reconstructing rain forests. 2. Academic rating Architect Ceballos-Lascurain was one of the initial research workers to come up with definition of ecotourism. He stated that: We may specify ecological touristry or ecotourism as that touristry that involves going to comparatively undisturbed or uncontaminated natural countries with the specific object of analyzing, look up toing and basking the scenery and its wild workss and animate beings, every bit good as any bing cultural facets found in these countries. ( Ceballos-Lascurain, 1987: 13 ) During the clip when he came up with this definition, ecotourism already existed in assorted parts of the Earth. For illustration in the 1960 s there was heavy over-use in the North American national Parkss with traffic congestion and ensuing impacts, such as eroding. During this clip, Yosemite National Park attracted 1.7 million visitants per annum ( Johnson, 1967 ) . In the recent old ages, other ecological research workers have modified, extended and developed legion ecotourism definitions including Blamey ( 1997 ) , Fennell and Eagles ( 1989 ) etc. Definitions are largely based on the importance of literature with the definition of ecotourism. Assorted research workers advocate that the assorted definitions of ecotourism, in assorted national and regional contexts, are of import to both the supply and demand sides of the ecotourism phenomenon. Contributions to the literature turn toing the definition of ecotourism are wide in range and varied in virtue. However, it is of import t hat it is defined in order to further robust and widely recognised industry criterions ( provide side ) while besides functioning visitant involvements in accomplishing the ecotourism experiences that they seek ( demand side ) . From my reappraisal of assorted ecotourism definitions, I can deduce that some reference of preservation, instruction, local ownership, sustainability etc while other definitions focus on cardinal facets, such as host community engagement , natural countries etc. The above definitions provide a platform to establish or develop farther operations of ecotourism conformity with definition. Here we will see 2 definitions by research workers to farther understand the range available in ecotourism. In 1994, Ballantine and Eagles researched some tourers to Kenya based on a specific definition consisting of three standards. This standard was put in topographic point so as to cognize a tourer s position as an ecotourist and his or her categorization based on three dimensions: the societal motivation ; the desire to see wilderness/undisturbed countries ; and a temporal committedness. In another research in 1992 by Butler he developed a more comprehensive checklist of standard for the ecotourism position. This standard focused on the other side of the definitional graduated table. While it contained rather a batch of facets of definitions found throughout the literature, these points place certain restraints on ecotourism operators. For illustration in the instance of New Zealand where ecotourism operators go through assorted standards for operating which was identified by Warren and Taylor ( 1994 ) . They infer that most of the ecotourism operations are small-scale and family-owned therefore barely executable commercially. These standard and definitions besides make it compulsory for ecotourism operations to restrict the development and growing of their commercial operations and therefore concentrate on the ideals of ecotourism. Another reading of this definition by Orams ( 1995 ) , is to presume that ecotourism is non possible or that no ecotourism can run into the standards of purist definitions. Therefore it is seen that there is positive every bit good as negative impacts seen on the softest signifier of ecotourism. In 2001, designer and ecotourism researcher Ceballos-Lascurain stated that he believed in ecotourism and non in eco purism . The end is to fit as many of the standards as possible while Lindberg and McKercher ( 1996: 65 ) suggest, sustainable touristry is postulated from a positive overall balance in environmental, experiential, sociocultural and economic impacts . The assorted contrasts which exist in the definitions of ecotourism give out the general inoperability of this construct. These assortments in definitions could perchance be viewed with a focal point on the economic and environmental dimensions of ecotourism. Notwithstanding the rhetoric of sustainable touristry development, economic viability is the bottom line of sustainable touristry operations. Other ecotourism operators besides face disputing barriers to commercial viability. By definition they should be small-scale, resolute in restricting the growing of commercial operations ( Butler, 1990 ) and, by deduction, blinkered to economic theory associating to economic systems of graduated table. The recommendation that visitants are managed by keeping an appropriate ratio of ushers to visitants once more brings with it economic challenges associating to pricing and commercial viability. 3. Case survey Taman Negara National Park Beginning: www.tamannegara.org The instance I would specifically take would be on Taman Negara National Park of Peninsular Malaysia which is one of the largest protected country in Malaysia covering an country of 434,350 hectares of rain forest. It is one of the oldest rain forest in the universe, estimated about 130 million old ages old. It is said to hold approximately 14500 blossoming workss and trees, 600 species of birds, 200 species of mammals, 350 species of reptilians and legion species of insects and other life signifiers. I would wish to analyze here how is this topographic point prepared from the crisis of commercialisation and possible stairss it can take to heighten the same. There has been old research which has focused chiefly on different factors for sustainable touristry nevertheless there is non much research on the relevant facets like societal factor apart from commercial benefits. Social factor would include the safety and security of the tourer whilst touring in such parts. Taman Negara must do its ain definition of crisis by understanding its ain environment for possible dangers and measuring events which would hold direct impact on the achievement of its end. It is besides critical to hold a base for the execution of constructions, regulations and ordinances within an organisation ; to organize attempts with the authorities to extenuate effects of such catastrophes. Similar to other concern activities, ecotourism industry has to bring forth gross to financially prolong whilst supplying alone experience and attractive forces to vie in this blooming industry ( Weaver, 2008 ) . Business bookmans and practicians likewise have argued those crises are inevitable ( Perrow, 1994 ) . An overview of the research on Taman Negara shows that service suppliers are by and large incognizant of any formal construction or system to manage crisis state of affairs ( Hayati, D, Noryati A 2010 ) . This deficiency of consciousness could intend that in instance of an exigency or crisis state of affairs the caretakers of the topographic point would be unable to react in a positive mode. Besides, the cognition of basic crisis direction was seen to be less amongst the service suppliers. Most do non give precedence to crisis direction as at that place have non been frequent instances while success in old such instances provides them with a sense of assurance. Another breach of ordinances here was found to be the deficiency of attending on enrollment of tourers, where a figure of tourers got off without registering themselves. Since tourer Numberss are recorded which aid in instance of casualties, keeping a balance on the figure of tourers at a peculiar clip in the park and other exigencies, it should be ensured that such records are enforced consequently. There could be besides illegal safety from neighbouring states or Acts of the Apostless of terrorist act. An organisation may hence be over planned but under prepared ( Dahan, 2005 ; Mitroff ) . Therefore I conclude that crisis direction requires different planning, processs and activities than everyday direction. Besides I feel that progress readying for such unanticipated fortunes would be in the best involvement of a critical topographic point like Taman Negara. 4. Challenges to touristry industry Harmonizing to a research done on the environmental industry by Lindberg and Hawkins, they define ecotourism as a responsible travel to natural countries which conserves the environment and improves the public assistance of the local . Taking into history this statement there is a high degree of possibility that due to infrastructure development or other grounds for development in the tourer topographic point some or the other portion in this part would be affected in a negative manner like acquiring depleted of its vegetations or fauna life. In add-on, an ecotourism topographic point which is non monitored good would non accomplish its ends to heighten the overall criterion of life of the local community shacking in the tourer part. All such factors need farther focal point and development to be done particularly in reserved and rare musca volitanss like Taman Negara National Park. Bing an country under particular protection, one of the chief attractive forces of the ecotourism industry is its rich environment and rare species found in it. Therefore there is likely to be conflict whenever there is a program to develop the country for tourer commercialisation and to conserve the environment in such countries. I feel that if ecotourism in Taman Negara is non good maintained on clip, it could take to negative reactions on the environment. Besides as discussed before, the rare species of life would besides go extinct without of all time being discovered. Recently there are several enterprises taken by ecotour operators to carry on their activities in a more holistic manner by presenting constructs like recycling and utilizing renewable energy in their procedure. Tourists at the National Park are besides communicated via mark boards and circuit operators to transport minimal necessities when geting in such parts and be careful whilst disposing waste, so as to non li tter the topographic point. Other regulations and ordinances imposed are to detect all park regulations to avoid harm to its biodiversity. The direction should peculiarly be keener on pass oning with group visitants as this would forestall possible big amendss to the part. Since this industry is chiefly based on nature, group visitants could perchance do larger harm to the biodiversity of an country. A relevant illustration I have found in the close locality would be that of Payar Island and Sipadan Island in Sabah. Recently both these parts observed a high volume of tourers sing these topographic points which in bend is said to hold caused irreversible harm to the corals on the islands. There have been instances where circuit operators have over exceeded the bound on the capacity of these parts. Management of Taman Negara should take into history such illustrations and protect the part from amendss due to over burden of tourers. Governments will necessitate to use rigorous regulations sing the figure of tourers come ining the part and closeguard their activities to minimise any harm to the biodiversity. Some other possible booby traps I have come across through research would be the building of resorts and hotels near the entryway country of Taman Negara to suit higher volumes of tourers expected in peak seasons. These actions will most likely affect the nearby environment in ways such as migration of species, dirt eroding and H2O pollution. This whole procedure will find the chances of sustainability in the country. Another facet of ecotourism which needs to be considered is the possible jobs faced by locals and their societal life with the addition in touristry. 5. Decision From the research done, I can deduce that at that place needs to be a more proactive attack in pull offing possible hazards in parts such as Taman Negara instead than depending on the nothing catastrophe records maintained yet. In such a important topographic point which needs to be preserved for the following coevals, we need to see its value non merely to the state but globally. Taking into history the research by Pearson and Clair ( 1998 ) wherein they province that the attitude towards hazard is every bit of import as consciousness to hazard. While the consciousness to hazard may be same in a instance but a proactive attitude could assist in guarding off possible instances of negative incidents. From my research through diaries and white documents on Taman Negara, I have found that the country lacks an official crisis direction squad to counter any such catastrophes, based on old incidents such squads are formed entirely on adhoc footing between the assorted societal elements in the part like service suppliers, locals etc. While there is no official crisis direction office in the part, the governments should non be self-satisfied about the fact that no catastrophe has of all time damaged the image of Taman Negara as an ecotourism finish as most minor instances were good handled by the ad hoc squads therefore extinguishing any catastrophe or crisis instances. In order to accomplish a long term strategic aim of keeping its environment and image as a safe ecotourism topographic point the governments at Taman Negara Park will necessitate to review its mentality on pull offing future hazards including direct 1s like landslides, fires every bit good as indirect in signifier of overcrowded tourers. There is a critical demand for them to consolidate its crisis direction programme into all eco-tourism related parts. Few of import stairss to be taken which I feel would be helpful could be: Research and place loss exposures, digitize and record yesteryear incidents. Monitor and analyze current processs for crisis direction and their effectivity and if they are on par with modern engineering. Making a centralised information bank for information sharing related to crisis direction which can be accessed by other similar ecotourism musca volitanss every bit good.

The Promise and Pitfalls of Float (Loose Rock)

The Promise and Pitfalls of Float (Loose Rock) Too often when youre out in the field, youll be looking at a hillside and there are no outcrops of bedrock to tell you whats under it. An alternative is relying on float- isolated stones in the soil that you must assume came from the bedrock near by. Float is not reliable, but with care it can provide good information. Why Float Is Unreliable An isolated stone is hard to rely on because once its broken off, many different things can move it away from its original setting. Gravity pulls rocks downhill, turning bedrock into colluvium. Landslides carry them even farther. Thens theres bioturbation: Falling trees can pull up rocks with their roots, and gophers and other digging animals (fossorial animals is the official term) can push them around. On a much larger scale, glaciers are notorious for carrying rocks far from their origin and dropping them in big piles called moraines. In places like the northern United States and much of Canada, you cant trust any loose rock to be local. When you add water, there are new complications. Streams transport rocks entirely away from their places of origin. Icebergs and ice floes can carry stones across open water to places theyd never reach on their own. Fortunately, rivers and glaciers usually leave distinctive signs- rounding and striations, respectively- on rocks, and they wont fool an experienced geologist. Possibilities of Float Float is no good for a lot of geology, because the original position of the rock is lost. That means that its bedding features and orientation cant be measured, or any other information that comes from the rocks context. But if conditions are reasonable, float can be a strong clue to the bedrock below it, even if you must still map the boundaries of that rock unit with dashed lines. If youre careful with float, its better than nothing. Heres a spectacular example. A 2008 paper in Science tied two ancient continents together with the help of a small boulder found sitting on a glacial moraine in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains. The boulder, just 24 centimeters long, consisted of rapakivi granite, a very distinctive rock containing big balls of alkali feldspar with shells of plagioclase feldspar. A long series of rapakivi granites is scattered across North America in a wide belt of Proterozoic crust running from the Canadian Maritimes at one end to an abrupt cutoff in the Southwest. Where that belt continues is an important question because if you find the same rocks on another continent, it ties that continent to North America at a specific place and time when both were united in a supercontinent named Rodinia. Finding a chunk of rapakivi granite in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, even just as float, is a key piece of evidence that the ancient supercontinent of Rodinia held Antarctica next to North America. The actual bedrock that it came from is underneath the Antarctic ice cap, but we know the behavior of the ice- and can confidently discount the other transport mechanisms listed above- well enough to cite it in a paper and make it the highlight of a press release.